Departure for Mondulkiri and the Clerodendrum Paniculatum, the Pagoda Flower
DC-Camβs team, including Sok Vannak, Prum Sopheak, Sa Rorpikin, and So Farina, departed Phnom Penh to Mondulkiri province at 7:30 a.m. as part of our monthly field trip schedule. Traveling to work in Mondulkiri province during this season, we cannot help but enjoy the scenic view of the beautifully green landscape. When we reached Keo Seima district, the rain started to startle, rinsing off the dirt on plants and trees. Along the ups and downs of the hill, our eyes never stopped admiring the scenery.
When we were about 20 kilometers from the provincial town, we came across beautiful red flowers, resembling peacock flowers, but arranged in a thyrsoid cyme up to 40 cm (16 inches) long and 38 cm (15 inches) wide, and very precisely formed. It is called Clerodendrum Paniculatum, the Pagoda Flower. It is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clerodendrum of the Mint Family (Lamiaceae). It is found in Asia and Papua New Guinea, and has been introduced in Central America. We stopped the car and picked a bunch of flowers for a display at the Hill Tribes Memory Community Center.
We then arrived at the Center at 15:00 p.m. and began working on the office immediately, installing a computer and a whiteboard and preparing our materials for tomorrowβs forum.
At 16:00 p.m. we rushed to meet one of our interviewees scheduled for a meeting today. He just returned from his field when we arrived. He made himself ready for the video interview in front of his house. His name is Tran Savoeun, 92 years old. During the interview, we were interrupted by rain several times, so we took a break. During those breaks, we listened to the sounds of the rain and watched the rain fall into small streams flowing down his home. We continued the interview after short breaks. Surrounded by his wife and grandchildren, Savoeun spoke in Pnorng language with some Khmer during the interview. His neighbor translated for us. We completed the interview at 17:00 p.m. After the interview, we followed him and his wife into their house and they started their dinner early today.
A Summary of the Interview
My name is Tran Savoeun. I was born in 1933 in Poutaing village, home to my parents and ancestors. My wife is Bleung Yi, 82 years old. She is also Phnorng. I grew up working on the rice field and helping my parents tent cattle and elephants. We had two elephants and 20 cattle. When I was around 30 years old, I witnessed the arrival of North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese soldiers passing by our village. They never stayed here.
Between 1962 and 1965 both North Vietnam and South Vietnam fought each other in a war. The soldiers used bicycles to load rice and ammunition. South Vietnamese soldiers would carry guns passing Mondulkiri. Later, I started to hear about American soldiers and the planes. They declared a state of emergency by announcing from the ariel planes, βLet’s expel the Vietnamese from this area. Donβt let them dispute each other hereβ in Khmer language, Vietnamese language, and Rade language. They did this once every two or three days for about three months. After the announcement stopped, the bombshell started in Mondulkiri and it was 3 to 4 times a day. It was around 1969. Although, I escaped the bombshell, but not my two elephants. They were killed by the gunfire from the plane. We were very disappointed but could not express any dissatisfaction for fear of any adverse effects.
In 1970, the Khmer Rouge took full control of Mondulkiri, and they dictated us. Our lifestyles completely changed.
In 1976, my entire family and village were evacuated to Koh Nhek District for fear of the Vietnamese arrival and ill-treatment of our people. Believe it or not, we had to leave as this rumor circulated, and we dared not to ask for any details or clarifications. I only brought with me a few stuff, including my traditional dress, a pack of rice, and other belongings.
I was assigned to work on the paddy rice field. Despite hard work, I received only two rations of food a dayβone meal at around 11:00 a.m. and dinner at around 5:00 p.m. What I remember the most is when recalling the Khmer Rouge regime. I worked very hard but I was accused of being lazy and was meted out self-criticism.
In 1979, when the Vietnamese troops came, we were transferred back to our home village. I first stayed in the provincial town until 1982 and then moved back to the village.
I was enlisted in the army under the Peopleβs Republic of Kampuchea. I served in the army until retirement.
Today, I have some health issues. I have joint pain and chest pain due to overwork during the Khmer Rouge and my old age.
Speaking of ethnic identities, I do not see it at risk because it was protected. However, I see our socio-economic status and health at risk because we work so hard but earn little for our living, which is not adequate to support our living conditions and our children.
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αααα‘αα Β«ααααΆαα·ααΎαααααααααααααΆα α¬αααααααΎΒ» αααααααα
αααα»ααααααααααααα·ααΈ αα·ααα
ααΆααααααΆααααααα½αα
ααα½αααα ααΊααΆαααααααα αααααα
αααα ααααααα ααΈα αα» ααααααααααααααα αααααΆαα±αααα
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αα
α’αα‘α»αααααααααααΆα αααααααααααα·ααΈααΊααΆααΌαααααΆαααααΎααααααααααααΆααααΆααααΈαααα·αααααΊ αααα·ααααααααααΆαα·αααααΆαααΆαααααΌααα
α’αα‘α»αααααααααααααΆαα‘α©α¦α , ααΌαααααΆαααααΎαααααΌαααααααααααααα ααα
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ααααΆααΆαα½ααααααΆα αα
αααΆαααΈααααΆαα‘α©α§α§ αααααααΆαα‘α©α§α¨α
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αα αα»αααΆααααααΎα αααααααααα αα αΆααα αααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α αααα»αααΆαααΆααααααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆααΆαααααΎααααα αΆααααααα αααα»αααΌαα·ααα ααααααααααΆααααΆαααΆαααααΆααααα»αααΆαααα½αααΆαααΆαα’αααα αα»ααΆαα·ααΆα αα·αααααΆαααααα ααΎααααΈαα½αααΎαααααααααΆααααααΉαα’αααΈαααααααα·ααΆααααα αα»αααΆα αα·αααΆαα’αα·αααααααα αααα»ααα αααααααααααα½αα αα αααα»ααααααααααααα·ααΈααΆαα’αααααΆα αα·ααααΆαααααααααΎααΆαααΆααααααΎαα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α ααΆαα ααα½αα© αα·αα’αααααΆαα’ααααααΆαα·ααΆαα ααα½αα€α ααΆαα αααΎαα’αααααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααααΊαααααααααΆααααΎαα·αααα·ααΈααααΈαα»ααΆα ααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααΎ αααααααΈ αα·αααααααα α’αααα αα»αααΆα αα»ααα αα·αααΆαα’αα·αααααααα ααααα αααααΈαααΆαααΆ ααΆαααΆαααααααααΎαααααΆαα αα αΆα αα»αααα·ααα αα·αααΆαααΌαααααΎααααααΆααα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα α αααααΆαααΆααααααΆαααααα‘αΆααααΆαα ααΉααα·α αα ααΆαααΆαααΎ ααΊαα ααΆαααααα·ααα α‘αΎαα ααααΆααααααααααΆααααααΆααα αα·αααΆααα·ααΆααααΆαααΈααααα α’αααΈααααΆααααααααα ααΆαα·αααααΊααααΆαα·ααΆααα·α αα·αα’αααΎααααααααΌαααΆααα ααΊααΆα ααα»α ααααΆαα αααααΆααα ααααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααααααααΆαααα½ααα»αααααΌαα ααααα’ααΈαααΆα αα·ααααΆαα’ααΆααααΆαααααααααΎα ααΊ Β«α’ααΆααααααα»ααΆαααααααΆαα’αααΎααααααααΌαααΆαααΒ»α αααααααααα αα αΆααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α ααααααααααΎαααααααα·ααΆααααα ααΆαα αααααα―αααΆα αα·αααΆαα’ααααααααΆαααααΆα ααΉαααααΎααΆααα·ααΆααααΆα’αααΈααααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆαααααααΆαααααΆαααΎ ααααααΆαααααααααΆααΈαααααααααααΆααααΆααα½ααα»α αα·αααα½αααΆαααααααΆα ααΎααααΈααΆαααααααααααα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα α ααααααΈ αα»ααα α’ααααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆα αα·αααααΌαα ααΆαα
ααΎααααΈαααααα
ααααα
ααΆαααΎ αααααααααα
αα
αΆααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
ααΆαααΆααα
ααααΌααααααααααααΆαααα½αα
ααα½αααΆααααααα
β’ αααα»αααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆαα’αααΈααααΆαα·ααΎααα·αααααΆαα·ααΆααα·α
αα
αααααααααααα·ααΈαα·αααΌαα·ααΆαα¦ααΆα
β’ αααααααααααΈααααα
α’αααΈααΌαααααΆαααααΎαααααααααααααα α αα·αααααΆαααααααααΆαααααααααα ααα·αααααΆαα·ααΎααα
αααααααααααα·ααΈ αα·ααααααααααα¦ααΆα
β’ α
αααααα―αααΆαα’αααΈαααα·αααααααααα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα ααα
αααααααααααα·ααΈ
β’ αααα»αααΆααααααΉαα’αααΈααααΆααααααα αα·αααΆαα’ααα’αΆα
ααααααααααΈαα
αααα»ααα αααα
β’ ααααΆαααααΆααααΈααΆαααααααααα·ααΆααααα αααα
ααα αα·αα’αααααα
αααα»ααααααααααααα·ααΈ αα·ααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆαα
ααΈααΆαααααααααα
β’ αααα»αα±ααααΆαααΆαα’αα·ααααααααΌαα·ααΆααααααΆααααααααααααΆαααααα αα·ααα»ααΆαα·ααΆααα·αααΆααααα
ααααα·ααΆαα·ααΆααααΆα’αααΈααΌαα·
ααΆαααΆαααααΆαααααΆααααααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆαα
αααααααααααα·ααΈ
ααα ααΆαα αα» ααΆαααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆ αα·αααΆααααΆααα·αααααααΆααααααΆαααα ααα½αααα ααΆαααααααΎααααααα·α
αα
αα·ααααΆαα
αααααααααααα·ααΈααΎααααΈαα·αα·αααααααΆαααΆα αα·ααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆαα’αααΈααααααααααΆααααΈααααΆαα‘α©α©α¦ αα½αααΆαα
β’ ααΆααααααΌαα―αααΆα αα·αααΌααααααααααα·ααΆααααααα
αααααααααααα·ααΈα
β’ ααΆαααααΆαααααΆααα·ααααααΆαααααΆαα½αα’ααΈααααααΆαα·ααΆαααααααααα α αα·αα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα ααα
αααα»αααααααααΎααααΈαα½ααααααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆαα’αααΈαααααααααααα αα
β’ ααΆαααααΆαααααΆαα’αααΈα’ααααααααΆαααααΆαα·αααααα
αα»αααΆααααΆα αααα»αααααΆαα’α α α¦α
β’ ααΆααααα
αΆααααΆαααααα―αααΆα αααααΆααααααα½αααααΆαααΆαααααααααααΆαα’αααΈαα»ααΆααΆαααααααααα α αα·ααα»αααα·ααα αα
αα·ααααΆααα α αα»α ααα ααααααα·ααΈ αα
ααααΆαα’α α α§α
β’ ααΆαα
αΆαααααα
αΆααααΆααααα αα»α
ααΌαα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα ααααααααααα ααΈαα½ααααααααααααα·ααΈ ααααααΆ αα
ααααΆαα’α α‘α’α
ααΆαααΆααααααααααΆαααααααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆα
α
αΆααααΈααααΆαα’α α’α‘ αααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆαααααΌαα’ααααααααααα
α·αααααααα»ααΆααΆααααααΆααα±ααααααΎααΆαααΆαααΆαα½αααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αα
αααααααΆααΆααΌααΆαααααααααααααα·ααΈ αα½αααΆα α
β’ ααΆαα
αααααα―αααΆα ααΆααααααΆααααααΆααααα·αααΆαααααΌαααΆαα½αα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα ααα·ααααααΆαααα
αααα»ααα αααα
β’ ααΆαα
ααα
αΆαα―αααΆαααααααααα α ααααααΆααα»αααΆα αα·αααααα
β’ ααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆαα’αααΈαααααΆαααααΌα
α ααΎααααΈαααααΎαααΆααααααΉααα·αααααααααααααααααΆαα
αααααααα αΆαααα»ααα αααα
β’ ααΆααααα
ααααα·ααΆαα·ααΆααααΆ αα·αααΆαα’ααααα’αααΈαααααααα·ααΆααααα αα»αααΆα α§αααα·αααααααααααα
ααααααααααΉαααααΎααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αααααααΈαααααααααααΆαα·ααΎα αααααα αα·αααα·αααα
β’ ααΆααααα
ααααααα·ααΈααααααα·α
αα
αα
ααΆαααααα»ααααααα αα»αααΆααααΆα (αααα»αα’αΌαααΆαα) ααααΆαααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αα·α αΆαααΆαααΆααααΉααα αα·α αΆαααΆαααΆα’ααΈααααΆα ααααΈαααααΆαααΉαααααΆαα ααΆααΆααααα·ααααΆααΌααΆαα ααααααα»αααΆα α
ααααΆαααΆα ααα αα·αα
ααααΆαααααΆαααα·αααα αα·αααααααα·α
αα
αα·ααααΆαα
ααΆαααααααααααα―αααΆααααααα
β’ ααΆαααααα»ααααααΆαα
ααααααΉααα·αααααΆα ααΆααααααΆαα’αΆα ααΆαααααα αα·ααααααα·ααΈααα·αααα
β’ ααΆαααα
ααααααα·ααΈαααααααα·αααα ααΆαααΆαααα·ααααα αα·αααΆααα·ααααΆααΈαααααααα·ααΌαα·
β’ αααααα·ααΈαα
ααΆαααααααααΆαααααααα αα·αααΆαααΆααααααΆα
β’ ααΆαααααα»αααααααΆαααααΉαααα·αααα ααααααΆαααααΈ αα·αααΆαααααααααααΆα
β’ ααΆααααα
ααααα»αααΆαααΆααα»αααΆααα½αααααΎαααα αααααααααα·α ααααΈ αααα ααΎααααΈα
α»ααα
ααααΆαααααα αΆαα»αααΆααααααααααΆαα αα·αααΆααααα
ααααα·ααΆα’ααααα’αααΈαα»αααΆααα
α―ααΆααΆαα»αααΆααααΆα αααα»αα’αΌαααΆααα αααααΆααααΈαααα·ααΆααα αααα»αααΆαααΆαααΆαα
α»ααα
αα·αα·αααααααα
αααααααααααΈααΆααααααΆααααααΆααααααααα»ααααααααα ααααΆαα‘α©α¦α α
β’ αααα»αααΆαααΆααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆααΆαα
αΆαααααα
αΆααααααααΆαααααα―αααΆαααΏα Β«αα»αααααΆαααααααα
ααααα»ααΆααΆααααααααααααΈααα»αΒ» ααΌααααααΆααααααααΆ ααΎααααΈαααααΉαα’αααΈαα·αααα α
ααααα αα·ααααααααΈ αα
αααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆαααα»αα’αα‘α»αααααααααααΆαα
β’ αααα»αααΆαααΆααα»αααΆα αα·αααααααααααα ααααα
αα
αΆαααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αααααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααΆααα ααΆαααΆαα½ααααα»αααααΌαααααααααΈαααααΈααααααααααΈ αααααααααΌααααα»α α
α»ααα·αα·ααααα»αααΆαα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα αααααααααΆααααααα’ααααααααααα
α·ααααααααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆ αα
αααα»αααααααα
ααα½αα’α α ααΆααα
β’ αααα»αααΆαααΆαααααααααααα ααααα
αα
αΆαααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
ααΆααα·ααΆααααΆααΆαααΆαααααΆαααααΆαααΆαα½αα
α
αααααΆααααααΆ αα·ααααααΆαααΌαα·ααΌααΆαα αααααΆααααααΆαα
α»ααα½ααα»ααα»ααααααααΆαααααα»αααΌαα·α
β’ ααΆααααα
αααααΎαααααααα·α
αα
αα·ααααΆααααααααα·ααΌααααΈααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααΆααΆααΆ αααααΆα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα α ααΉαααΆααα·ααααααααααα½αααα ααα ααΆαα αα» ααΆαααααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααααΆααααααααααααα ααααα
αα
αΆαααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
α
αααααααα·ααααΆααααα
ααααααΎαααααααααααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆα
αα
ααααΆαα’α α’α£ αααααααααα―αααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααΆααα ααΆαααΆαα½αααΆααααααΆα
αΆαααααααΆααααααααα
ααα½αααΈαααΌαααΊ αααααααΌ ααα»α αααααΆ αα·αα’αααααααΌ αα»α αααΆα‘αα ααΎααααΈααααΎαααΎααα·αααα·αα
ααα½αα¨ααΌαααΎααααΈααΌααααααααααααααααα αααααα
ααΈααΆααα₯αααααα αα½αααΆα α‘) α’ααΆααααααααααααΆααααααα·αα αααααα
α³-αααααα
ααα (αα»ααΈα’αΌαααααΆααααααα) αααα»ααααααααααΉαααααα α’) αααααααααααΌαααααΎαααΆααααΉα αααα»αααααααααα α£) ααααααααααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
ααααα αααα»ααααααααααΌααααα»α αα·α α€) αααααααααα
αα
αΆααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αααα»ααααααααααααα·ααΈα αα·αααα·αααΈαααΌααααααΆαααΌαααααααααααααααα
αα
αΆααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
αα
αααααααααααα·ααΈ ααΊ ααΈα‘) ααααα ααα ααΉαααα»α αα·αα’) ααααα ααΉα αααα αα·αα·αααααΆααααΈαααΌαααΆαααααΎααΆαααααΆαααααΆααααΆααααα’α·αα’αααΈαααααααααΆαααααααα αααααααΎααααΎαααααΆααααΈααΆααααΎααααΈαα·ααααΆα’αααΈαααααααΈαααααααααααΆαα·αααα αα½αααΆα αααα, αααααΆαα, αααααΆααααααα
, αα·α, ααΉα, ααΈ, ααααΎα, ααααα αα·ααααααΆαα αααααΆααααΈα
αααΆααααα£ααααΎααααΈαααα
ααα·ααααααα’ αααααααααΆαααααααααααααααΌαααΆααααααα
ααΆα
α»αααααα αα·ααααααΌααα
αααα»αααΆαααααα
αααα»αααα ααααΆαα’α α’α€α ααΆαααΆααααααΆααα½α
ααΆααααΆααααΆαααα
αααα·αα»ααΆ ααααΆαα’α α’α€α αααααΆαααα αααα»αααΆαααΆαααααααααααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆαααΆααααα
ααα·α
αα
ααΆααα½αα
ααα½αααΌα
ααΆα ααΆααααααΎαααααΎαααΆααααααα
αα·αα―αααΆα αααααΆαα
ααα½ααααα ααα₯α α αααααΆααααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆααα
αααα»ααα ααααα
ααααααααααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
α
αΆααααααΎαααααΎαα·α
αα
ααΆαααααΆαααα
αΆααααΈααααααΈα’α£ αααα·αα»ααΆ ααααΆαα’α α’α₯ αα·ααααα»ααααααααα’ααααααααααα
α·αααααΎααααΈαααααααΆαααΆαααΌα
ααΆαααααα α
– αααα
αααΆααααααααα―αααΆαααααααααα αααΈααΈαααααα
αΆαααΌαα·ααΆαα¦ααΆαααΎααααΈαααααΎααΆααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆα αααα
ααααααΎαααααααΌαααααΎααααΈααααα½ααααααΆααααααααα―αααΆαααΈααΈαα
– αααα
ααααα»ααααααααα
α·αααα
αααααα―αααΆα αα·αααααΆαααααΆαααααααα
αΌααααα»αααΆαααΆααααααΆα
– ααααΎαααααααΆαααααΆαα½αα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα α αα·αα
αααααααΆα’ααααααα·αααΈααα’αΌα―αααΆαα’αααΈα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα α αα·ααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
– αααα
ααααα·ααΆαα ααααααΆαα½ααα·αααααΆααΆααααα·ααααΆαααααΉαααΆαααααααααααΌα’αααααααΌ ααααΈααΈα
ααααααΉαααΌαα· αα
α―ααααααααααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
α
– α’ααααΎαα’ααααααααΆαααΆαααΈαα·αααΈαααααααααααα ααααααΆα
αΆααααααΉααααΆα
αΆααα ααΎααααΈα
αααααααααΆα
αααΏαααΆαα½ααα·αααα
– ααααααααααΆαα’αααΈαα·α
αα
ααΆααααααααααα
αα
αΆααα ααααααααΆαα·ααΎαααΆααα·α
α±ααααΆαααΌαα
ααΌααΆαα
– αααα
ααα½α αα·ααα·ααααΆααααααααα’αααΈααααΆαααα·αααα
Team Work: Sok Vannak, Prum Sopheak, Sa Rorpikin and So Farina
Photo by Sa Rorpikin and So Farina
Text by So Farina
June 23, 2025
Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives