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Hill Tribes Memory Community Center: Mondul Kiri province

Departure for Mondulkiri and the Clerodendrum Paniculatum, the Pagoda Flower

DC-Cam’s team, including Sok Vannak, Prum Sopheak, Sa Rorpikin, and So Farina, departed Phnom Penh to Mondulkiri province at 7:30 a.m. as part of our monthly field trip schedule. Traveling to work in Mondulkiri province during this season, we cannot help but enjoy the scenic view of the beautifully green landscape. When we reached Keo Seima district, the rain started to startle, rinsing off the dirt on plants and trees. Along the ups and downs of the hill, our eyes never stopped admiring the scenery.
When we were about 20 kilometers from the provincial town, we came across beautiful red flowers, resembling peacock flowers, but arranged in a thyrsoid cyme up to 40 cm (16 inches) long and 38 cm (15 inches) wide, and very precisely formed. It is called Clerodendrum Paniculatum, the Pagoda Flower. It is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clerodendrum of the Mint Family (Lamiaceae). It is found in Asia and Papua New Guinea, and has been introduced in Central America. We stopped the car and picked a bunch of flowers for a display at the Hill Tribes Memory Community Center.

We then arrived at the Center at 15:00 p.m. and began working on the office immediately, installing a computer and a whiteboard and preparing our materials for tomorrow’s forum.

At 16:00 p.m. we rushed to meet one of our interviewees scheduled for a meeting today. He just returned from his field when we arrived. He made himself ready for the video interview in front of his house. His name is Tran Savoeun, 92 years old. During the interview, we were interrupted by rain several times, so we took a break. During those breaks, we listened to the sounds of the rain and watched the rain fall into small streams flowing down his home. We continued the interview after short breaks. Surrounded by his wife and grandchildren, Savoeun spoke in Pnorng language with some Khmer during the interview. His neighbor translated for us. We completed the interview at 17:00 p.m. After the interview, we followed him and his wife into their house and they started their dinner early today.

A Summary of the Interview

My name is Tran Savoeun. I was born in 1933 in Poutaing village, home to my parents and ancestors. My wife is Bleung Yi, 82 years old. She is also Phnorng. I grew up working on the rice field and helping my parents tent cattle and elephants. We had two elephants and 20 cattle. When I was around 30 years old, I witnessed the arrival of North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese soldiers passing by our village. They never stayed here.

Between 1962 and 1965 both North Vietnam and South Vietnam fought each other in a war. The soldiers used bicycles to load rice and ammunition. South Vietnamese soldiers would carry guns passing Mondulkiri. Later, I started to hear about American soldiers and the planes. They declared a state of emergency by announcing from the ariel planes, β€œLet’s expel the Vietnamese from this area. Don’t let them dispute each other here” in Khmer language, Vietnamese language, and Rade language. They did this once every two or three days for about three months. After the announcement stopped, the bombshell started in Mondulkiri and it was 3 to 4 times a day. It was around 1969. Although, I escaped the bombshell, but not my two elephants. They were killed by the gunfire from the plane. We were very disappointed but could not express any dissatisfaction for fear of any adverse effects.

In 1970, the Khmer Rouge took full control of Mondulkiri, and they dictated us. Our lifestyles completely changed.

In 1976, my entire family and village were evacuated to Koh Nhek District for fear of the Vietnamese arrival and ill-treatment of our people. Believe it or not, we had to leave as this rumor circulated, and we dared not to ask for any details or clarifications. I only brought with me a few stuff, including my traditional dress, a pack of rice, and other belongings.
I was assigned to work on the paddy rice field. Despite hard work, I received only two rations of food a dayβ€”one meal at around 11:00 a.m. and dinner at around 5:00 p.m. What I remember the most is when recalling the Khmer Rouge regime. I worked very hard but I was accused of being lazy and was meted out self-criticism.

In 1979, when the Vietnamese troops came, we were transferred back to our home village. I first stayed in the provincial town until 1982 and then moved back to the village.

I was enlisted in the army under the People’s Republic of Kampuchea. I served in the army until retirement.
Today, I have some health issues. I have joint pain and chest pain due to overwork during the Khmer Rouge and my old age.
Speaking of ethnic identities, I do not see it at risk because it was protected. However, I see our socio-economic status and health at risk because we work so hard but earn little for our living, which is not adequate to support our living conditions and our children.

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β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž“αž·αž„αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž—αžΆαžŸαž“αŸαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž’αžαžΈαžαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž—αž·αž”αžΆαž›αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜ αž“αž·αž„αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαžŸαŸ‹αžšαžΆαž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΈαžœαž·αžαž–αžΈαžšαž”αž”αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αž“αŸ…αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αž€αŸ„αŸ‡αž‰αŸ‚αž€αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‡αž½αž™αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαžšαž”αž”αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αŸ”
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž’αžαŸ’αžαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžŽαž‡αž“αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž–αŸ’αž“αž„αž“αŸ…αžƒαž»αŸ†αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαžΆαŸ† αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αŸ’αŸ αŸ αŸ¦αŸ”
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αž—αžΆαž–αž™αž“αŸ’αžαž―αž€αžŸαžΆαžš αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž„αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αžŸαž–αŸ’αžœαž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž™αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαžαž»αž›αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜ αž“αž·αž„αž™αž»αžαŸ’αžαž·αž’αž˜αŸŒ αž“αŸ…αžœαž·αž‘αŸ’αž™αžΆαž›αŸαž™ αž αŸŠαž»αž“ αžŸαŸ‚αž“ αž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž›αž‚αž·αžšαžΈ αž“αŸ…αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αŸ’αŸ αŸ αŸ§αŸ”
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžšαž˜ αžŒαž»αž… αž‡αžΌαž“αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαžŸαŸ‹αžšαžΆαž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΈαžœαž·αžαž–αžΈαžšαž”αž”αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αžŸαŸ‚αž“αž˜αž“αŸ„αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™ αž‘αžΈαžšαž½αž˜αžαŸαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž›αž‚αž·αžšαžΈ αž‘αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž“αžΆ αž“αŸ…αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αŸ’αŸ αŸ‘αŸ’αŸ”
αž€αžΆαžšαž„αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž˜αž‡αŸ’αžˆαž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž›αž―αž€αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αž˜αŸ’αž–αž»αž‡αžΆαŸ–
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β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž„αž―αž€αžŸαžΆαžš αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž™αŸˆαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž—αžΆαžŸαž“αŸαž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžαžαžšαžΌαž”αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαžŸαŸ‹αžšαžΆαž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΈαžœαž·αžαž–αžΈαžšαž”αž”αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αž“αž·αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž‡αž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαž αž‚αž˜αž“αŸ
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ‚αž€αž…αžΆαž™αž―αž€αžŸαžΆαžšαžαŸ’αž˜αŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜ αž–αŸαžαŸŒαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž– αž“αž·αž„αžŸαž„αŸ’αž‚αž˜
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαž’αžΆαž“αž”αž‘αžαžΌαž…αŸ— αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž™αž›αŸ‹αžŠαžΉαž„αž“αž·αž„αžŸαŸ’αžœαŸ‚αž„αžšαž€αžŠαŸ†αžŽαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαž αž‚αž˜αž“αŸ
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αžœαŸαž‘αž·αž€αžΆαž–αž·αž—αžΆαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž”αŸ‹αžšαŸ†αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαžœαžαŸ’αžαž·αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αž αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž– αž§αž€αŸ’αžšαž·αžŠαŸ’αž‹αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžƒαŸ„αžšαžƒαŸ…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸ’αžšαžΉαžαŸ’αžαž›αžΎαž‡αž“αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŠαžΎαž˜αž—αžΆαž‚αžαž·αž… αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸƒαžŽαžΈαžœαž”αŸ’αž”αž’αž˜αŸŒαž‡αž“αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŠαžΎαž˜ αž™αŸαž“αžŒαŸαžš αž“αž·αž„αž€αžŸαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž‘αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž“αž€αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αž‘αŸ…αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αž€αŸ„αŸ‡αž‰αŸ‚αž€ αžƒαž»αŸ†αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαžΆαŸ† (αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αž’αžΌαžšαžšαžΆαŸ†αž„) αž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžšαž‡αž“αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŠαžΎαž˜αž—αžΆαž‚αžαž·αž… αžœαž·αž αžΆαžšαžŸαžΆαžŸαž“αžΆαž‚αŸ’αžšαžΉαžŸαŸ’αž αžœαž·αž αžΆαžšαžŸαžΆαžŸαž“αžΆαž’αŸŠαžΈαžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜ αžšαž˜αžŽαžΈαž™αžŠαŸ’αž‹αžΆαž“αž‘αžΉαž€αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αžŸαžΆαž›αžΆαž”αž‹αž˜αžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž–αžΌαžαžΆαŸ†αž„ αž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž›αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž– αž…αž˜αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαž αŸ’αžœαŸ αž“αž·αž„αž…αž˜αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΆαŸ†αž€αžŸαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜ αž“αž·αž„αž‘αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž“αž€αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‘αŸ…αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž˜αž‡αŸ’αžˆαž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž›αž―αž€αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž˜
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž…αŸ†αžŽαŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΉαž„αž“αž·αž„αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΆαž‰ αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž™αŸˆαž€αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž“ αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαžšαžŸαŸαžš αž“αž·αž„αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž€αžŸαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜
β€’ αž€αžΆαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž„αžŸαž·αž›αŸ’αž”αŸˆ αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αž·αž–αŸαžšαžŽαŸ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž–αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαžœαžαŸ’αžαž·αž—αžΌαž˜αž·
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αž‘αžΌαž›αžΆαž™αŸ”
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Team Work: Sok Vannak, Prum Sopheak, Sa Rorpikin and So Farina
Photo by Sa Rorpikin and So Farina
Text by So Farina
June 23, 2025
Documentation Center of Cambodia Archives

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