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MONOGRAPHS |
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Victims and Perpetrators:
The Testimony of Young Khmer Rouge Cadres at S-21
Meng-Try Ea and Sorya Sim
2001
(USD18)
76 pages in English,
150 pages in Khmer
A note on
the Front Cover Photo
PDF
In
Democratic Kampuchea’s Region 31, the Khmer Rouge recruited
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children to serve
as
guards, “catchers,” and animal husbandry
workers in Tuol
Sleng Prison (S-21). This monograph explores how these and other
Cambodian youth were forced to become Khmer Rouge cadres, how they
were indoctrinated in the ideology of Democratic Kampuchea, how they
were affected, and the violation of their rights.
The authors used Khmer Rouge biographies and interviews with 73 people
to collect information on these youths. Eighteen of those interviewed
were Khmer Rouge cadres at S-21, 22 are family members of deceased
S-21 cadres, and 33 are survivors of the regime. The authors conclude
that these children were victims as well as perpetrators.
Funding
provided by the Human Rights Project Funds of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom through the British Embassy,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the Government of Norway.
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Oukoubah:
Genocide Justice for the Cham Muslims under Democratic
Kampuchea
Osman Ysa
2002
(USD30)
140 in English, 205 pages in Khmer
PDF
This monograph explores the genocide of the Cham ethnic
group,
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making a case that the Cham, who are Muslims, were killed a rate that was
nearly double to triple that of the general Cambodian population
during the Democratic Kampuchea regime. It provides evidence showing
that the Cham comprised 10% of Cambodia’s population prior to 1975
(about 700,000 people), but numbered only 200,000 after the regime
fell in 1979.
The author presents case studies of 13 Cham prisoners at S-21 (7 Khmer
Rouge soldiers, 2 Lon Nol government officials, a student, a
fisherman, a peasant, and an interrogator at S-21), all of whom were
executed at the prison.
Funding
provided by the Human Rights Project Funds of the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom through the British Embassy,
Phnom Penh.
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The Khmer Rouge Division 703:
From Victory to Self-Destruction
Vannak Huy
2003
(USD15)
202 pages in English, 250 in Khmer
PDF
One of the most favored of the Khmer Rouge’s nine military divisions,
Division 703 was composed of 5,000 to 6,000 peasants, |
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primarily from Kandal province. At the end of 1975, its soldiers with “clean”
backgrounds were given positions at Tuol Sleng (the central-level
prison also known as S-21) or its branch office S-21D (Prey Sar
prison) and various government offices. At least 567 of these men were
later branded as “enemies” of the regime and executed at S-21.
This monograph examines the careers of 40 soldiers who worked in
Division 703. Most of those who survived the 1979 defeat of the Khmer
Rouge returned to their villages in the early 1980s, often after
spending time in prison as a result of their involvement with the
regime.
Funding
provided by the United States Department of State, Bureau of
Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
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Seven Candidates for Prosecution:
Accountability for the Crimes of the Khmer Rouge
Stephen Heder and Brian Tittemore
2004
(USD18)
153 pages
in English (executive summary in Khmer)
247 pages
in Japanese Language
PDF
This study
examines the responsibility of seven
senior officials for |
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their
roles in developing and implementing the
murderous policies of the Communist Party of T Kampuchea (CPK), known to
its enemies as the “Khmer Rouge”: |
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Deputy Secretary of the CPK Central Committee Nuon Chea, who is
implicated in devising and implementing the Party’s execution
policies. |
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Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs and Central and Standing
Committee member Ieng Sary, who repeatedly and publicly encouraged
and facilitated arrests and executions within his ministry and
throughout Cambodia. |
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Democratic Kampuchea State Presidium Chairman Khieu Samphan, who
encouraged lower-level CPK officials to perpetrate executions and,
at least in some instances, monitored and contributed to the
implementation of Party policies by regional authorities. |
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Zone
Secretaries and Central Committee members Ta Mok and Kae Pok, who
directed or otherwise facilitated their subordinates’ arrests of
suspected traitors in their zones, and failed to prevent or punish
atrocities perpetrated by their subordinates. |
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CPK Military Division Chairmen Sou Met and Meah Mut, who played
direct roles in the arrest and transfer of cadre from their
divisions for interrogation and execution, and failed to prevent
or punish atrocities perpetrated by their subordinates. |
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extensive work has been done to document and analyze evidence of CPK
crimes generally, this is the first comprehensive legal analysis of
available evidence against specific individuals for international
crimes. Heder and Tittemore also shed new light on how the CPK
designed and implemented the CPK’s policies of mass execution.
Funding
provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
and the OSI Development Foundation (a Swiss charitable foundation).
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Reconciliation in
Cambodia
Suzannah Linton
2004
(USD40)
274 pages
in English (executive summary in Khmer)
PDF
For the first time,
Cambodia’s
struggle to deal with its tragic past
is
put into global context through an examination of the growing
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of literature in this area, and comparisons with the
experiences of
such countries as Chile, Argentina, Rwanda, South Africa, and East
Timor.
The heart of this study is analysis of the extensive data collected by
DC-Cam’s magazine, Searching for the Truth, in the course of a
public survey of its Cambodian readers in 2002. The author provides
insight into the attitudes and perceptions of ordinary Cambodians on a
range of issues relating to the Khmer Rouge: accountability, revenge,
forgiveness, reconciliation, and their vision for the future.
Funding provided by
the OSI Development Foundation, the United Kingdom, US Agency for
International Development (USAID), and Sida (Sweden).
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154 pages in English
180
photographs
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Stilled Lives:
Photographs of the Cambodian Genocide
Wynne Cougill with Pivoine Pang, Chhayran Ra, and
Sopheak Sim
2004
(USD25)
PDF
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This book contains photographs and essays on the lives of 51 men and
women, |
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who joined the Khmer Rouge during the 1960s and 1970s. They were
what the Khmer Rouge called “base people”: those from the peasant
class who generally were treated less harshly than the “new people”
(city dwellers and those associated with the former Lon Nol regime).
The people profiled here served the Khmer Rouge as farmers, soldiers,
security personnel, or cadres (those with some degree of command
responsibility). Although most Cambodians view the former Khmer Rouge
as cruel and sometimes evil, this book shows that they and their
families faced the same struggles and hardships as their victims, and
points to our common humanity.
Funding provided by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).
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The Chain of Terror:
The Khmer Rouge Southwest Zone Security System
Meng-Try Ea
2004
(USD25)
150 pages
in English
PDF
The Khmer Rouge security (prison) system was set up at virtually every
political level throughout Democratic Kampuchea. This
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monograph examines the structure of the security system in the
regime’s Southwest Zone, which was considered a model for therevolution, but contained over 250 security centers (DC-Cam has
located over 6,000 mass grave sites in this zone). It examines the
execution chain at the subdistrict, district, region, and zone levels,
and the relationships of the centers within the zone.
Funding provided by Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (Sida) and the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) through The Asia Foundation.
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Tum Teav:
A Translation and Analysis of a Cambodian Literary Classic
George Chigas
2005
(USD23)
252 pages
in English
PDF
Tum Teav
is the tragic love story of a talented novice monk named
Tum and a
beautiful adolescent girl named Teav. Well known
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throughout Cambodia since at least the middle of the 19th century, the story
has
been told in oral, historical, literary, theatre,
and film
versions. This monograph contains the author’s translation of the
Venerable Botumthera Som’s version. It also examines the controversy
over the poem’s authorship and its interpretation by literary scholars
and performers in terms of Buddhism and traditional codes of conduct,
abuse of power, and notions of justice.
Funding provided by NZAID (New Zealand).
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The Cham Rebellion
Survivors' Stories from the
Villages
Osman Ysa
2006
(USD25)
184 pages
in English
PDF
In
October 1975, two Cham Muslim villages in Kampong Cham province staged
brief and ill-fated rebellions against
their
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oppressors, who had banned the practice of Islam. Armed with swords,
knives, sticks, stones and two guns, they killed a member of the subdistrict committee
and the chief of the district youth group. After the
rebellions were put down, the survivors were deported to malarial
areas, imprisoned, or executed. Only about 10 percent of these
villages 8,000 people survived the regime.
Funding provided by NZAID (New Zealand).
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The
Khmer Rouge Tribunal
John
D. Ciorciari
2006
(USD11.50)
201 pages
in English
PDF
Between April 1975
and January 1979, the radical Khmer Rouge regime subjected
Cambodians to a wave of atrocities that left over one in four
Cambodians dead. For nearly three decades, call for
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justice went
unanswered, and the architects of Khmer Rouge terror enjoyed almost
unfettered impunity. Only recently has a tribunal been established to
put surviving Khmer Rouge officials on trial. This edited volume
examines the origins, evolution, and feature of the Khmer Rouge
Tribunal. It provides a concise overview of legal and political
issues surrounding the tribunal and answers key questions about the
accountability process. It explains why the tribunal took so many
years to create and why it became a "hybrid" court with Cambodians
and international participation. It also assesses the laws and
procedures governing the proceedings and the likely evidence
available against Khmer Rouge defendants. Finally, it discusses how
the tribunal can most effectively advance the aims of justice and
reconciliation in Cambodia and help to dispel the shadows of the
past.
Funding provided by
Switzerland, The Netherlands, and United States.
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Vanished:
Stories from Cambodia’s New People under
Democratic Kampuchea
Pivoine
Beang and Wynne Cougill
2007
(USD15)
143 pages
in English; 200 pages in Khmer
PDF |
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For
centuries, Cambodia’s rural peasants had lived in modest
circumstances with few entitlements, while the country’s tiny
urban elite enjoyed more opportunities and privileges. But in
April 1975 when the Khmer Rouge took control of Cambodia, they
reversed this social order.
Hundreds of thousands of city dwellers were evacuated to the
countryside, where they were forced into hard labor. Despised by
the peasants and Khmer Rouge cadres alike, these “new people”
were viewed as parasites and imperialists, and their rights and
privileges were removed. As many as two-thirds of them were
executed or died as a result of starvation, untreated diseases,
or overwork.
In
this monograph, 52 new people who survived Democratic Kampuchea
tell their stories and those of their loved ones under the Khmer
Rouge.
Funding provided by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED)
with core support from the Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID).
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2007
(USD13)
128 pages |
Night of
The Khmer Rouge:
Genocide and Justice in Cambodia
Depicting
Torture and Genocide:
Documentation Center of Cambodia and Rutgers
University’s Photo Exhibition on the Khmer Rouge
Alexander Hinton
Jorge
Daniel Veneciano
Youk
Chhang
PDF
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The task of preserving the memory of a horrific past is both
difficult and necessary. Rutgers University located in New
Jersey, America has accomplished this very task with their
recent photo exhibition titled, “Night of the Khmer Rouge:
Genocide and Justice in Cambodia” displayed at the Paul Robeson
Gallery. The graphic photos tell a frightening story of what
humanity can do to itself. The most ghastly chapter of
Cambodia’s history began on April 17, 1975 when Pol Pot’s Khmer
Rouge forces stormed victoriously into Phnom Penh after years of
civil war. Their victory meant the implementation of a radical
social and economic plan that would transform Cambodia into a
self-sufficient socialist society. The new government was
called Democratic Kampuchea. Labeling their plan a failure is a
gross understatement.
The terror and killing that enveloped Cambodia during the
government of Democratic Kampuchea lasted under fours years and
destroyed two million lives. Those who survived were left to
make do in a ravaged country stripped of its schools, shops,
temples, government structures, and sense of security. The
photo exhibition at the Paul Robeson Gallery shed light upon the
darkness that overcame Cambodia. In particular, attention is
focused on the highest level security prison then known by its
code name, S-21. Prisoner photographs taken at S-21
disturbingly reveal young faces, some as young as five years
old. Immediately one wonders how a child could be a prisoner of
S-21 which was intended for serious political offenses, but then
again the Khmer Rouge considered a starving person “stealing”
rice grains a crime worthy of execution. It has been estimated
that 14,000-20,000 prisoners passed through the gates of S-21
from 1975-1979 where they died or were taken to Choeung Ek (a
nearby field) for group extermination. The reflective essays at
the gallery provide some understanding of what occurred inside
Cambodia and the issues that face Cambodia now as it tries to
reconcile with this tragic past. Together with the photographs,
they expose a truth that must be told. This truth of what
happened in Cambodia is now being dealt with in the
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) which
seeks to prosecute former senior Khmer Rouge leaders. It is
hoped that the legal justice delivered by tribunal will help
Cambodia commence genuine healing and reconciliation. DQK.
Shown at Rutgers’ Paul Robeson Gallery in Newark, New Jersey
from January 16 to February 22, 2007, this exhibition featured
photographs from Democratic Kampuchea held in DC-Cam’s archives.
Funding for the exhibition and catalogue was provided by the
Soros Foundation's Open Society Institute, the US Agency for
International Development, the Swedish International Development
Agency, the New Jersey State Council on the Arts/Department of
State, the Cultural Programming Commission of Rutgers-Newark,
and the NJ Commission on Holocaust Education.
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A History of Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979)5-1979)
Khamboly Dy
2007
(USD7)
73 pages in English. 100 pages in Khmer
PDF 1
(Eng)
PDF 1 (Kh)
PDF 2
(Eng)
PDF 2 (Kh) |
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Foreword
Chinese diplomat Chou Ta-kuan gave the world his account of
life at Angkor Wat eight hundred years ago. Since that time,
others have been writing our history for us. Countless
scholars have examined our most prized cultural treasure and
more recently, the Cambodian genocide of 1975-1979. But with
Khamboly Dy’s A History of Democratic Kampuchea,
Cambodians are at last beginning to investigate and record
their country’s past. This new volume represents two years
of research and marks the first such text written by a
Cambodian.
Writing about this bleak period of history for a new
generation may run the risk of re-opening old wounds for the
survivors of Democratic Kampuchea. Many Cambodians have
tried to put their memories of the regime behind them and
move on. But we cannot progress -- much less reconcile with
ourselves and others -- until we have confronted the past
and understand both what happened and why it happened. Only
with this understanding can we truly begin to heal.
Intended for high school students, this book is equally
relevant for adults. All of us can draw lessons from our
history. By facing this dark period of our past, we can
learn from it and move toward becoming a nation of people
who are invested in preventing future occurrences of
genocide, both at home and in the myriad countries that are
today facing massive human rights abuses. And by taking
responsibility for teaching our children through texts such
as this one, Cambodia can go forward and mold future
generations who work to ensure that the seeds of genocide
never again take root in our country.
Youk Chhang
Director
Documentation Center of Cambodia
The text was submitted to the Government Working Commission
to Review the Draft of the History of Democratic Kampuchea.
On January 3, 2007, the Commission decided that, "the text
can be used as a supplementary discussion material (for
teachers) and as base to write a history lesson for (high
school) students.
Funding for this project was generously provided by the
Soros Foundation’s Open Society Institute (OSI) and the
National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Support for DC-Cam’s
operations is provided by the US Agency for International
Development (USAID) and Swedish International Development
Agency (Sida).
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Buddhism under Pol Pot
Ian Harris
2007
(USD15)
304 pages in English
PDF1
PDF2
PDF3
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This new book
by Ian Harris, Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University
of Cumbria, UK, explores the fate of Buddhism before, during,
and shortly after Democratic Kampuchea. Prum Phalla of the
Documentation Center of Cambodia provided research assistance on
this project.
Dr. Harris
begins with an examination of Buddhism under Sihanouk and Lon
Nol, and then traces the origins of Khmer Communism and its
relationship with Buddhism in Cambodia. He then looks at the
fate of Buddhism early in the regime, including monk evacuations
and flights abroad, defrocking, forced marriage, military
service, and executions. The practice of Buddhism during the
regime is also examined, including Buddhist rites and the fate
of pagodas, images, and religious texts. Dr. Harris weighs the
claims of monk deaths and pagodas destroyed during Democratic
Kampuchea against his findings from extensive interviews and
documentary research. He concludes that there was no policy for
the systematic liquidation of monks in Democratic Kampuchea.
Ian Harris and
Prum Phalla:
Ian Harris is
Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cumbria, UK
and Tung Lin Kok Yuen, Visiting Professor on Buddhism and
Contemporary Society at the University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada. Co-founder of the UK Association for Buddhist
Studies (UKABS) and author of many works on Buddhist ethics and
politics, his previous book was Cambodian Buddhism: History and
Practice (2005). He is currently investigating the links between
Buddhism and politics in pre-Pol Pot Cambodia.
For copies of
Buddhism under Pol Pot, please visit the Documentation Center of
Cambodia's Public Information Room or Monument Books in January,
or contact the Center at dccam@online.com.kh or 023-211-875.
Price: $15. We wish to thank the Swedish International
Development Agency (SIDA) for funding this publication and USAID
and SIDA for their core support to our center
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Winds from the West:
Khmer Rouge Purges in the Highlands of Mondul Kiri
Sara Colm and Sorya Sim
(to be
printed in 2007)
(USD15)
179 pages
in English.
PDF
The authors examine the Khmer Rouge’s purges in Democratic
Kampuchea’s
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The monograph begins by
exploring the social and political co-existence
of the Khmer Rouge and the region’s highlanders, and how that
relationship soured when the Khmer Rouge imposed communal living,
work, and purges, practices that had a devastating impact on
traditional highlander culture.
Funding provided by the Human Rights Project Funds of the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom through the British Embassy,
Phnom Penh (for research) and the Government of Sweden (for
publication).
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